Abandoned Oil Wells End of Field Life

Surrendered Oil Wells End of Field Life Unique As oil, creation keeps on declining in numerous pieces of the globe, more administrators are considering admirably to be as a reality. Penetrated wells are stopped and surrendered for various reasons of which the run of the mill and operational explanation is that the well has arrived at its financial breaking point or when bored it was seen as a dry opening. (allude). As per Ide, T., et al 2006, all around bore is taken to be high liquid transmittal pathway. Indeed, even with the ebb and flow methodology of fixing and deserting, singular wells tend to free their honesty because of different variables, which incorporate however not restricted to poor cementation, poor or inadequate stopping, and increment in arrangement pressure after relinquishment, consumption of packaging (allude). Sheltered and conservative well surrender are essential to the business from natural and money related angles. Ill-advised deserting can require re-surrender strategies to moderate ecological tainting or to follow refreshed guidelines, causing an expanded budgetary weight on the administrator. 1. Presentation 1.1 BACKGROUND All wells bored have an unmistakable life cycle as for its cost, term, recuperation, and worth. Despite the fact that these qualities and ascribes are explicit to an individual penetrated well, all delivering wells go through a similar starting and last state, starting with culmination and consummation with deserting. After the penetrating phase of a well and the objective profundity is reached, a choice to finish the well is made dependent on the supply properties: is the well dry or is the hydrocarbon instead of financial worth. At last, every well becomes lethargic in light of diminished monetary returns or specialized issue. At the point when a well quits delivering, it either might be closed in (SI), impermanent surrendered (TA) or for all time deserted (dad). With maturing fields quick moving toward their monetary breaking point, relinquishment is turning out to be progressively visit and numerous administrators need to adjust their surrender strategy to fit the Wellbore condition and verify that deserted wells remain for all time fixed and forestall blending while at the same time adjusting the ecological destinations of relinquishment and cost of genuine surrender. Wells, which are not surrendered suitably, can turn into a significant danger to the underground wellspring of drinking water and perhaps the oceanic condition [8] Close in status (SI) At the point when a well is closed in it is as yet streaming however its Christmas tree, SV, wing valves are totally shut. Generally a well is closed in if there is a specialized or operational issue, which is accepted to be impermanent. There is no greatest time for a well to stay in shut-in status as long as it is routinely kept up as indicated by administrative prerequisite and strategies. Brief deserting status (TA) A well is supposed to be incidentally deserted when the wellhead is expelled and the creating stretch is detached with an attachment and the packaging is stopped underneath the mud line. Purposes behind ABANDONMENT There are different reasons why a well is deserted, these are: END OF FIELD LIFE ABANDONMENT Penetrated wells must at one point in time be deserted. Before a well arrives at where it must be deserted it goes through different stages throughout its life cycle; it starts with the review and misuse of a zone for signs on hydrocarbon [1]. This prompts a fulfilling and energizing revelation of a collection of hydrocarbon store. This is trailed by the procured Data Processing stage lastly the penetrating procedure. During penetrating, the well is made by the utilization of boring tool and cased off at explicit as boring advances. Another satisfying objective is arrived at when the main hydrocarbon is delivered a procedure which tragically in the long run continues the declining time frame where the pace of hydrocarbon creation diminishes. Be that as it may, effective improved oil recuperation methods frequently than not make this stage compensating monetarily as it broadens the life of the well [1]. At the point when all improved oil recuperation strategy has been utilized, and the expense of delivering the well is not, at this point monetarily practical, the following procedure is deserting; a phase not all that invited by most administrators as it implies the discontinuance of creation. Dry opening Abandonment A bored well is additionally deserted when subsequent to penetrating, the gap was seen as a dry opening. In spite of the fact that surrender is intended to be a lasting end, the impact is felt for a long time more than that of the short delivering life of the well. The primary objective of any stopping and relinquishment is to give a changeless and successful disconnection of liquids up and down the subsurface arrangement in the various layers where they were encased preceding stopping, in this way forestalling liquid relocation and decrease ecological dangers of sullying and forestall exorbitant healing employments [1]. To accomplish this few huge time frames well should be filled and firmly shut with a sealant material from base gap to the surface with extraordinary consideration paid to the creation stretch [4] and zones of high differential weight and temperature. The material utilized for stopping contrast contingent upon what sort of well is being surrendered, for oil and gas well the material utilized is typically concrete based materials, for water well, concrete based just as bentonite can be utilized to confine the diverse intervals[4][ PUT UNDER CEMENT PLUG CHARACTERISTICS UNDERE INTEGRITY OF ABANDONED WELLS. The trustworthiness of t he surrendered well can come up short for a lot of reasons, for example, plug disappointment, poor slurry plan and so on. A concrete attachment can neglect to set at the ideal area as concrete slurry regularly tends to fall through the lighter penetrating liquid beneath it [9]. Disappointment can likewise be because of downhole changes which may happen after the well has been surrendered [8]. Throughout the years, methods for penetrating and culmination of hydrocarbon wells have kept on advancing. This drive for new innovation for hydrocarbon recuperation is because of the need to boost hydrocarbon recuperation while ensuring the earth [4]. The development of well deserting procedures has been much more slow than that of penetrating and fulfillment. This is on the grounds that relinquishment is viewed as a sunk expense [4]. Venture Objective The targets of this theory is to survey the components which add to the general honesty of deserted wells. These incorporate, well boundaries, concrete arrangement methods, packaging uprightness. These assume a significant job in the plan, development and genuine execution of the relinquishment venture. In the deserting of wells, the components that add to the honesty contrast contingent upon the wells. This is on the grounds that each well is a one of a kind element and thus must have autonomous well surrender structure. Venture METHODOLOGY In this work I expect to discuss For example, in a well where a fish is lost in opening the deserting configuration needs to made into thought healing move or approaches to set the concrete attachment as there might be no entrance to the base gap to set a base module the sump. Surrendered wells can be a reason for worry because of their capability to go about as way for stream between developments, which under typical situation are detached including underground wellsprings of drinking water, of incredible concern are those abandonments with flawed attachments, bargained packaging and those having breaks in the concrete [7]. This work is planned for featuring the various elements which add to the respectability of a surrendered well. ( reorder and rework) Section 2 Writing survey Well deserting has progressed significantly since the main disclosure of oil and gas, with the expanding consciousness of the significance of ecological security, the need to improve the procedures of surrender has now become a significant worry for some administrators, as relinquished wells are viewed as a potential conductor for liquid stream between various arrangements. As indicated by C. H. Kelm et al, the target of deserting of a well should thought about the need to do as such in a prescribed procedures way by looking at the accompanying principal point of any surrender procedure; The need to ensure any hydrocarbon left in the compensation zone of the development bored. The need to protect and forestall defilement of freshwater zones (for inland apparatuses) infiltrated over the span of boring the well. Turn away of any pollution of the surface condition. For example, on account of vegetation, air contamination and marine condition. The need to submit to every single administrative necessity expressed in during the deserting. In the previous years numerous papers has been distributed on zones running from elective stopping strategy, self recuperating and expandable concrete, improved concrete slurry plan, arrangement procedure with the mean to diminish the expense of relinquishment and improve the deserting. Relinquished well in an oil field are fixed utilizing a stopping material as indicated by administrative prerequisites. An ideal case of a connecting material the perfect sense as indicated by D.G Calvert et al 1994 is one, which can be siphoned down the penetrated opening, can solidify in a sensible time, and security with the dividers of the bored development and packaging so as to keep liquid stream starting with one arrangement then onto the next. While guidelines differ here and there, the general practice includes stopping the Wellbore with a Portland concrete material explicitly intended for the detachment reason. In his audit of stopping and surrender procedures, D. G. Calvert et al, expressed that the concrete blend utilized in oil and gas shift contingent upon the sort of opening is to be secluded. Not very many papers has been distributed that centers around the uprightness of the genuine well after surrender. Liversidge, D. et al. in his work on perpetual attachment and relinquishment answer for the Northsea he introduced case narratives of the Brent South field deserting venture done utilizing both class G concrete with an expandable specialist framework and adaptable concrete as per the ebb and flow severe re

Why should you Essay Example For Students

For what reason would it be advisable for you to? Article This will show that everybody needs to discover whom the young lady is the point at which their turn comes. To keep the secret alive the photo shouldnt be appeared to the crowd so the individuals who comprehend whats going on could appreciate the play. Birlings cross examination is very critical in route as he is the leader of the house and his entire family admires him as their defender. As the cross examination starts the Inspector shows Birling the photo to bring back certain recollections Birling could conceivable hold from his days with Eva Smith (the young lady who drank herself to death). Mr Birling endeavors to pay off the Inspector and have him thrown the case. Presently, Inspector, maybe you and I would do well to proceed to talk this over discreetly in a corner. This citation demonstrates how much blame Mr Birling has in his heart and will incline toward it if the cross examination and all the charges were dropped against him and his family. At this stage the Inspector ends up being unpersuasive and very difficult in way. As the cross examination continues the Inspector has more opportunity to pick the sort of words which will make trap Birling in his untruths and make reality come out of him. We can detect that the secret is getting uncovered a little bit at a time. Family connections appear to obstruct what happened as of late before Eva died. Sheila appropriately doesnt need anybody going to bat for her and she isn't skilled at lying. The remarks, Why would it be advisable for you to? Hes got done with you. He says its one of us now. This unmistakably expresses Sheila thoroughly considers its opportunity to arrive and support herself. In the process she gets genuinely exploited and this ends up being powerful. The Inspector utilizes words like beautiful, get Sheila engaged with the discussion and lead to her being caught and she mentions to how what she did may have prompted this demise. Though then again, Eric doesnt mind a push in the back from his folks. At the outset Birling seems to arrange Eric around. Youve had enough of that port, Eric. This expresses Erics life is still particularly in the hands of his dad and hasnt sufficiently developed to settle on the correct choices. Despite the fact that Eric doesnt like being determined what to do he cannot shield himself, in contrast with Sheila who can say what she feels when she needs. Generally speaking its easy to state that this family isn't socialized and sorted out. Mikhail When Sheila goes into the room she is still feeling acceptable and feeling satisfied with herself. She gets sucked in the discussion and the Inspector sees all that and utilizes specific language to get Sheila profound into the discussion. Birling attempts to make her leave however she hits back and proposes that Birling ought not interferer in her discussion with the Inspector, as they are done with him. For what reason would it be a good idea for you to? Hes got done with you. He says its one of us now. This plainly expresses Sheila thoroughly considers its opportunity to arrive and support herself. During the time spent attempting to assume such a risky job she gets contacted by the utilization of language the Inspector has over her and is trapped in her discourse. The Inspector utilizes words like lovely, get Sheila associated with the discussion and lead to her being caught and she mentions to how what she did may have prompted this passing. This is a model that is being set by Sheila and others around her could profit by it. .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 , .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 .postImageUrl , .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 , .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9:hover , .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9:visited , .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9:active { border:0!important; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9:active , .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8f828fd6d5 3e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8f828fd6d53e9e41a075bd8c23070fd9:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Presented in the play EssayThe truth is the most ideal way in the clear and you will spare yourself from being humiliated. Taking everything into account I think the choices Ive made are powerful and will be appeared in the play. The states of mind of the play should be changed frequently so it the crowd can decipher the play all the more without any problem. All through the entire play we can tell that everybody in the Birling family may have accomplished something that made Eva slaughter herself. Theres a smidgen of secret, as the Inspector wont show the photo simultaneously. It would seem that he has more than one photo and along these lines prompts the crowd proposing that he may be demonstrating various individuals in the photos or right? This is a truly very much arranged play and gets the crowd required all through.

Reno, Janet

Reno, Janet Reno, Janet re ´no [key], 1938â€"2016, U.S. attorney general (1993â€"2001), b. Miami, Fla.; grad. Harvard Law School (1963). As assistant state's attorney (1973â€"76) and state's attorney (1976â€"93) for Dade Co., Fla., she became known for her attention to children's rights, drug cases, and juvenile justice reform. In 1993 she was appointed U.S. attorney general by President Clinton , becoming the first woman to hold the office. In her first year in office she came under national scrutiny for her role in the Waco , Tex., shootout between federal officers and Branch Davidians. Under Reno, the Justice Dept. took a relatively unaggressive stance on many law-enforcement issues, while pursuing a number of high-profile antitrust cases. She was the longest-serving attorney general of the 20th cent. Reno sought the 2002 Democratic nomination for Florida governor but narrowly lost the primary. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Al l rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

How to Make a Desiccant Container

A desiccator or desiccant container is a chamber that removes water from chemicals or items. It is extremely easy to make a desiccator yourself using materials you probably have on hand. Have you ever wondered why so many products come with little packets that say Do Not Eat? The packets contain  silica gel beads, which absorb water vapor and keep the product dry. Including packets in packaging is an easy way of preventing mold and mildew from taking their toll. Other items would absorb water unevenly (e.g., parts of a wooden musical instrument), causing them to warp. You can use the silica packets or another desiccant to keep special items dry or to keep water from hydrating chemicals. All you need is a hygroscopic (water-absorbing) chemical and a way to seal your container. Key Takeaways: How to Make a Desiccator A desiccator is a container used to maintain a low-humidity environment.Dessicators are simple to make. Basically, a dry desiccant chemical is sealed within a closed container. Objects stored within the container will not become damaged from moisture or humidity. To some extent, a desiccator can absorb water already stored within an object.Many desiccants are available, but they vary widely in terms of safety and cost. The safest chemicals to use include silica gel beads, calcium chloride, and activated charcoal.Desiccant chemicals can be recharged by heating in order to drive off the water. Common Desiccant Chemicals Silica gel is the most widely available desiccant, but other compounds work, too. These include: Silica gel (the beads in those little packets)Sodium hydroxide (sometimes sold as a solid drain cleaner)Calcium chloride (sold as a solid laundry bleach or a road salt)Activated charcoalCalcium sulfate (gypsum or plaster of Paris)ZeoliteRice However, some of these chemicals are more effective and safer than others. Rice, for example, is extremely safe. It is often added to salt shakers as a desiccant to prevent water absorption, allowing the seasoning to flow through the shaker. Yet, rice has a limited ability to absorb water. Sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride are extremely effective, but sodium hydroxide is a caustic compound capable of producing chemical burns. Both sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride eventually dissolve in the water they absorb, potentially contaminating objects stored within a desiccator. Sodium hydroxide and calcium sulfate evolve considerable heat as they absorb water. If a lot of water is absorbed within a short amount of time, the temperature within the desiccator may spike dramatically. In summary, for a basic home or lab desiccator, silica gel and activated charcoal may be the two best choices. Both are inexpensive and non-toxic and dont degrade upon use. Make a Desiccator This is extremely simple. Just place a small amount of one of the desiccant chemicals into a shallow dish. Enclose an open container of the item or chemical you wish to dehydrate with the container of desiccant. A large plastic bag works well for this purpose, but you could use a jar or any airtight container. The desiccant will need to be replaced after it has absorbed all of the water that it can hold. Some chemicals will liquefy when this occurs so that you will know they need to be replaced (e.g., sodium hydroxide). Otherwise, youll just need to switch out the desiccant when it starts to lose its effectiveness. How to Recharge a Desiccator Over time, desiccants become saturated with water from humid air and lose their effectiveness. They can be recharged by heating in a warm oven to drive off the water. The dry desiccant should be stored in a sealed container until use. Its best to expel all of the air out of the container, since it contains some water. Plastic bags are ideal containers because its easy to squeeze out the excess air. Sources Chai, Christina Li Lin; Armarego, W. L. F. (2003). Purification of Laboratory Chemicals. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-7571-0.Flà ¶rke, Otto W., et al. (2008) Silica in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_583.pub3Lavan, Z.; Monnier, Jean-Baptiste; Worek, W. M. (1982). Second Law Analysis of Desiccant Cooling Systems. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. 104 (3): 229–236. doi:10.1115/1.3266307Williams, D. B. G.; Lawton, M. (2010). Drying of Organic Solvents: Quantitative Evaluation of the Efficiency of Several Desiccants. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2010, vol. 75, 8351. doi: 10.1021/jo101589h

An Analysis of the Powers of the European Parliament Essay

An Analysis of the Powers of the European Parliament History of the European Parliament: On the 18th April 1951 the Ministers representing France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg signed in Paris a treaty which established the European Coal and Steel Community, the ECSC was born. The most important feature of the ECSC was its supranational character, it was a supranational organization. It was aptly described as a quasi federation in an important economic sector.[1] The Community was endowed with five organs; 1. An executive, called the High Authority 2. A Consultative Committee attached to the High Authority 3. A Special Council of Ministers 4. An Assembly†¦show more content†¦Two years later, Greece joined the EEC followed by Spain and Portugal in 1986. With the entry of Austria, Finland and Sweden in 1995, the European Parliament was expanded to its present size of 626 members. The Treaty of Nice provides that the allocation can be reweighed from 2004 to accommodate new Member States without increasing the number of MEPs beyond 732. The size of the European Parliament has increased so has its powers. Originally, the EP was conceived as little more than a consultative assembly with limited scope in certain areas, however it has gained significant new powers and responsibilities with the signing of the Single European Act in 1986, the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 and the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1996. Elections Election s to the European Parliament are held on a five year fixed term basis, there is no uniform electoral procedure consequently the five sets of direct elections held to date have been contested on the basis of different national electoral arrangements. In the 1999 elections the UK did not use its standard first past the post system, but rather proportional representation on a regional basis. This meant that for the first time a form of proportional representation was used in all Member States. As well as the differences between the electoral systems ofShow MoreRelatedLegal Environment of Business1600 Words   |  7 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 2. Execution tasks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................................................................3 3. Judicial power†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 3. The constitutional order of the EU†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 1. Legislation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 2. Execution tasks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 3. Judicial power†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 4. Conclusions (similarities + differences)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 5. Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Introduction Read MoreThe Consequences Of Factortame And The Issue Of The EU Law1005 Words   |  5 Pagesto Brussels. Yet Wade’s analysis — and the dramatic consequences that it implies — is problematic. For one thing, it is incompatible with the way in which Lord Bridge — the only Law Lord in Factortame to consider this point in any detail at all — explained the judgment. 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Some interests of his that he researches are, ‘European Union Po litics and Policy, The EU legislative process and the European Parliament, Parties and elections and Rational choice theory’ (LSE, 2014). His primary aim when writing this book was to give readers an understanding of how the European Union, as a political systemRead MoreSimon Hixs The European Union1519 Words   |  7 Pagesacademic, who researches the European Union and has written a variety of books on the European Union. He addresses how it functions and the problems that are associated with it. Some interests of his that he researches are, ‘European Union Politics and Policy, The EU legislative process and the European Parliament, Parties and elections and Rational choice theory’ (LSE, 2014). His primary aim when writing this book was to give readers an understanding of how the European Union, as a political system

What Makes Me a True Filipino Free Essays

WHAT MAKES ME A TRUE FILIPINO? ORIGIN: According to Sociology, Filipino is a hodgepodge, a mixture of primitive strains ( Negrito, Ita, Aeta); eastern strains (Indonesian, Chinese, Japanese) and western strains ( Spanish, English, American). primitive strains + eastern strains + western strains = A FILIPINO Therefore, we Filipinos are unified from different races. . We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes Me a True Filipino or any similar topic only for you Order Now I may say that I’m a Filipino. VALUES: Some says Filipinos are wonderful people. We are friendly, loving, caring, family oriented, loves adventures, talented, religious, etc. They are also hardworking. We are hospitable, that’s the no. 1 thing most common in our personality. We are also jolly people. . I may say that I’m a Filipino. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Filipinos are known for flat, small or big nose; medium or tan skin (kayumanggi); black hair and who are small ones etc. I may say that I’m a Filipino because I have those. We are plenty of gorgeous Filipino men and women out there who have unique appearances†¦ But some are ashamed with their beauties. When you disrespect the traits of your ancestors, you are only insulting yourself. MANNERISM AND PERSONALITY TRAITS: Filipinos point with their lips. They eat with their hand and have it down as a technique. They nod their head upwards to greet someone. They put their foot up on their chair and rest their elbows on their knees while you eat. etc I may say that I’m a Filipino. VOCABULARY: Filipinos say ‘Aray’ instead of ‘ouch’. They make acronyms for phrases: ‘OA’ = overacting, ‘DOM’ = dirty old man, and ‘TNT’ for†¦ You know. They also pronounce the ff. words: ‘Hippopo-TA-mus’, ‘com-FOR-table’, ‘Bro-CO-li’, and ‘Montgo-marry Ward’. Filipinos say ‘Ay’ or â€Å"Uy† instead of ‘oops’ etc. I may say that I’m a Filipino. CLOTHING AND APPEARANCE: Filipinos – There’s Angelique eyeliner and Johnson’s Baby Powder compacts lurking in your makeup drawer. They check labels on clothes to see where it’s made. Their ponytail ribbon covers half your head. I may say that I’m a Filipino. These are some ways to know you are Filipino. It is very interesting. It is quite funny but we must admit that we are one of them. And regardless of all this, WE are FILIPINO for life. How to cite What Makes Me a True Filipino, Papers

Ambition and Playing Lacrosse Essay Example For Students

Ambition and Playing Lacrosse Essay Ever since seventh grade, lacrosse has been my life. Currently, I am playing lacrosse on Missouri Valley’s Lacrosse team. Playing lacrosse in college is very rewarding but it didnt come easily. When I was a freshman in high school, lacrosse was just fun and games for me. Once I reached my sophomore year of lacrosse, I realized I might have the right skill level to continue to play in college. From that day on I decided to begin to take lacrosse more seriously. I began to have my lacrosse stick in my hands every single day. I trained constantly all year long, especially the offseason. Activities such as wall ball, one on ones with friends, and scrimmages kept me at the top of my game for the season. Finally, all my hard work paid off when I received a great opportunity from the coach at Missouri Valley College. It was a huge scholarship to come play lacrosse at a little school in a little town. Ambition is my most valued trait because it enhanced my vision towards how I was going to get into college. My ambition towards lacrosse allowed me to achieve great things on the field such as winning a state championship for our team’s high school. This ambition also led me to numerous off the field successes, mainly being in education. All the drive I showed has changed my future forever, and is giving me the chance to better myself in the classroom. If a kid does not have a job, it usually means that that child is lazy and too dependent on others. Thankfully, I am the complete opposite of those things. As soon as I was of age, I always kept a job. Surprisingly, the job that taught me the most was when I worked at Jewel Osco. After my first day, I realized that this was not a very good place to work at. Most of the staff were grumpy old women who wanted everything done THEIR way. Unfortunately, most of THEIR way’s were different so I was forced to redo difficult task many times. Also, Jewel was notorious for taking â€Å"Union Fee’s† from everyones paychecks. I never wanted to be in the Union, so why were they taking my money? Every couple of weeks, Jewel would deliver a devastating blow of $50-$70 to my paycheck. Despite my many troubles, I powered through. My affluent source of ambition drove me to get past all the controversies, and kept reminding me about how things could be much worse. Little did I know, my next job would be a lot worse. Being from Chicago, I have experienced some extreme winter weather conditions. My ambition, of course, led me to the decision to take advantage of the dangerous roads and make some money. I was hired by a company that shoveled, plowed, and salted the streets and parking lots of Geneva, Illinois. This was the most grueling and tiring work I have ever done. Every time it snowed we would instantly have to go shovel. Many times, It would begin to snow at times like 3am. My senior year, in particular, experienced severe winter conditions. I remember a couple times waking up at 3am and shoveling for ten hours. Although exhausting, it was very rewarding. I was paid immensely for my long hours, so I was always happy at the end of the day. This trait that I possess has gotten me through hard work to reap the benefits from it. My lacrosse and work life have been guided in the right direction because of how important the trait ambition truly is. Every day I made the best of my daily routine of lacrosse and work due to the drive within me provided by my ambition. Ambition can be the key to success or failure in everyones daily life. If the ambition to be someone greater exists, anyone can achieve their goals.

Bpo Attrition- the Problem and Its Solution free essay sample

Human Resources In Indian Business Process Outsourcing Organizations- Attrition. Is there any solution? Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is likely to be the next big thing for services in this decade. The industry is very diverse, with several sub-segments, each displaying its own unique characteristics. The BPO players need to be excellent in every facet of operations as the market is highly competitive at every level and re-defining itself every day. Being a People-Centric industry what are the people issues that, the HR will have to handle? What are the challenges faced by HR in dealing with them? HI Before this, one needs to gain an understanding about BPOs and what businesses are Indian companies doing in this segment? BPO is based on the premise that whatever competencies are not very important for an organization   (not their core competencies); outsource or ask somebody else who is adept at doing it, to do it for the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Bpo Attrition- the Problem and Its Solution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this way the organization can concentrate on its core competencies and not worry about on trivial issues, which are not strategic in nature. But these days we even find organizations outsourcing their core competencies or the core business aspects to BPOs to gain the advantage of cost cutting and quality issues. Typically, BPO would include call centers, problem solving in insurance sector to other sophisticated activities like research and other back office dealings. India has the advantage of low cost, highly qualified English speaking labour, thus most of the BPO ventures in India are call centers, although of late, companies are entering into high-end areas like research. But for sometime at least we can assume that most of the companies would be doing the call center kind of business. Most of these kinds of jobs get done in the night in India to account for the 12-hour time lag between US and India. Over a period of time the biological rhythm of the employee changes, causing various kind of disorders like indigestion, fatigue, headaches etc. so the health of the employee is a major concern for the HR, more so because most of them are graduates in their early twenties. In addition the jobs are monotonous, often nerve wracking. So it is a challenge for HR to adequately rotate the jobs of employees and provide them with enough time to refresh, so that they are able to deliver service of highest quality. Although many companies are targeting fresh graduates, they are not able to retain them. Attrition continues to be high 35%. HR has to ensure that a proper career path is chalked out so that graduates increasingly see this area as a potential career for them. Clients in US, UK and other European Countries are very quality conscious and as increasingly complex jobs get outsourced, it becomes important that HR ensures right quality people are selected and the right quality of training is provided to them. This ensures that later they do not face embarrassing time from their clients. There has been enormous requirement in this sector for manpower and huge salaries are up for taking. The times are good for this industry, but one has to keep in mind that this industry is still in its way to figure out in the growth stage. One cannot predict the future so easily and the sour experience of software companies is still fresh in minds. So a little bit of caution is to be exercised in this matter and proper trends have to be forecast by the HR to ensure that they do not go the software way when ultimately the industry stabilizes. Attrition †¦ A major problem rocking the Industry. Some Facts to Ponder about†¦ * 95% companies in the industry have Attrition problems * The small-sized and medium-sized companies loose more people * Turnover rates are as high as 30% in some reputed BPOs and over all around 35% in the Industry. Employees move to smaller companies for exciting opportunities and greater identity and move to large companies for defined roles, clearer career paths and better HR systems. Loyalty towards their employer or towards the organization has slowly seems to have disappeared. Executives know that fast-moving markets require fast-moving organizations that are continually refreshed with new talent, and they have become quite adept to outside hiring. Even companies are quite comfortable with bringing in talent; they remain distinctly uncomfortable about seeing talent leave. The competition to headhunt employees with good performance ratings of other organizations is an open ploy. The mediators (so called Consultants) make this job easy for the organizations by gaining the data bases of employees and they lure the employees by offering huge pay packages finally making them to move from their job. One of the biggest assets of the BPO Industry is manpower. So, the biggest challenge in this industry is to attract and retain knowledgeable manpower. Today, BPO companies are facing a shortage of knowledge workers because the rate at which they lose employees is almost ouble the rate at which they hire. A major proportion of the turnover issue is attributed to the movement of manpower to the Companies who lure them by offering either better pay or higher designation. The average stay of an employee in bpo companies has dropped to one year. In such a scenario where companies are fighting to combat global business competition, and struggling to survive, employee turnover comes as a double blow. And the issue of managing employee separation often gets ignored. Just because a business is dependent on Communication skills, for instance, doesnt mean that it has to go to great lengths to retain its employees. If theres a large pool of people with good communication skills available, it might want to focus on recruitment rather than retention. Moreover, since new hires have lower salaries than long-term employees, the company is able to keep a lid on compensation levels. Cooperating with competitors is another way of dealing with retention. Because of the intensity of talent-war, companies instinctively view retention and recruitment as competitive exercises. But history shows that cooperation, even among competitors, can be one of the most effective ways of dealing with talent shortages. A New concept called Anti Poaching agreement between BPO organizations is on the Move. According to this agreement, the parties getting in to the agreement will share their employee databases with each other and so will restrain employees to shift in to each other companies. Lets hope that this works good for the BPOs. Frequent job-hopping of employees is not good for any one, neither for the company nor for the employee in terms of Growth.

The Color of Water & The BPP essays

The Color of Water & The BPP essays Throughout the book, The Color of Water, James McBride made many references to different organizations bent on black power. He explained in minor detail how they walked through the streets and intimidated others, especially him. The best known, and probably the most powerful, of the organizations was the Black Panther Party. The Black Panther Party was founded in 1966, immediately after the death of Malcolm X. Huey P. Newton gathered together 5 of his long-time friends and started The Party. These inseparable started the real fight of black power, but in a different way than that of the other groups. The majority of these black supremacists, at the time, simply walked around their area of town, equipped with a shotgun over their shoulder, which was surprisingly legal at the time. The Panthers were different. They attacked racism with people. The original six men made the Ten-Point Program, a code for the panthers to live by. This list helped the panthers to sustain communities as their life style dwindled. They developed many other programs to do so as well. These programs were built on connections that one of two panthers had made to support the common good. They employed storekeeper panthers to start up a free breakfast program. This allowed young boys and girls to come into a cafeteria and eat a hot, nutritious meal every morning at 7:30. This program increased not only community togetherness, but also health of their children. The next free service that the panthers provided was the medical clinics. Any black person could come into the clinic with an illness and get proper medical treatment from a trained doctor, and get good medicine too. Next in line came the Clothing and Shoe Programs. This also helped the people keep warm, therefore healthy, while at the same time keeping their image high with others. The final service that was provided was the Buses to Prison Program. This program al...

Global Warming speech by Marcus Gibson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Warming speech by Marcus Gibson - Essay Example The speech has been delivered where it tends to be more convenient to pass the message and the audience is encouraging.Furthermore, it encourages everyone to be walking shorter distances rather than using vehicles which pollute the environment. The speech has not ignored the negative challenges but has acknowledged all the aspects. It has tried to lead the audience in understanding the speech being delivered. Compelling the audience in practicing the safety measures against preventing global warming has been emphasized. This is by encouraging them to do the very simple thing like walking for short distances rather than using their vehicles. Furthermore, the speech is more obliged and focuses on achieving the best from the audience. On delivering the speech, the person engaged the audience by using eye contact and movements. This is with the fact that they the audience may provide visual support and encouragement during the delivery of the speech as they are considered to be the focal point. In addition, the speech on Global warming has been delivered in the manner that at that time every person has been willing to fight and prevent it. The writer focused on using rhetoric questions in delivering the speech. For instance, â€Å"If we don’t prevent global warming by ourselves, who will?†This made the audience to be livelier and contribute by providing good listening skills. Moreover, the speech being delivered focused on the key issues making it be precise thus delivering the intended message to the audience. The persuasive attempt in delivering the speech was more effective.

Power and Politics in an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power and Politics in an Organization - Essay Example For instance, leaders are assigned a higher level of power to enable them manage those who are below them. In principal, distribution of power in an organization is a tool to get things done. There has been a controversy as to whether there exist a clear cut boundary between organizational power and organizational politics in any particular business system. This paper will focus on the differences between organizational power and organizational politics. The role of leaders in an organizational set up is to control effectively those workers that are directly below them. Power has been identified as a critical tool that enables leaders to increase their dependability in their management roles. The best strategy for managers to optimize their power is to increase the workers' dependence on them. Dependence can be assessed on the extent to which the workers will turn to the managers for critical decisions or solutions for organizational problems. However, power can be categorized into t wo, either as ‘power over’ or the ‘power to’ depending on the purpose of its use (Clegg and Haugaard 2012, 115). The former has been used to express a negative power that is bureaucratic that is solely meant to increase the individualistic dominance. On the other hand, the ‘power to’ is provision of right to implement or act within one's capacity. In brief, organizational power can be defined as the capacity one party has to influence the behavior of another party in an organization. On the other hand, organizational politics has been often been termed as ‘power in action’ which defines informal attempt to influence the actions of individuals within an organization. The intention of a political action is to act outside the official role in an attempt to manipulate the natural balance of power within an organization. In essence, perpetrators of organizational politics are individualistic people whose intention is to define new autho rity boundaries in order to have control over the others in business set up (Mauws and Dyck 2005, 34). This kind of behavior is associated with the tendency of the key decision making tools in an organization to remain open to misinterpretation hence giving opportunists a loophole to exploit them in order to enjoy unwarranted merits. Organizational politics have been criticized as an ill motive that is meant to provide individualistic privileges that are not for the best interest of an organization. These two types of power are not only different in their motivation principles, but also the way they are acquired. The essence of management power is to promote the goals and objectives of the organization through team building and cohesive reasoning. This kind of power allows every employee to be answerable to a higher power while still acting within their power and ability to handle organizational roles that are defined by the position they hold. The motivation of this kind of power i s to ensure that there is one key of decision maker to avoid conflict of opinions within the organization. On the other hand, the political behaviour is meant to overturn the organizational power by exercising powers outside the roles defined by the organization. Its intention is to secure rights that benefit one person rather than the organization (Porter, Angle and Allen 2003, 22-27). While the organizational power is meant to manage the vital business resources to drive an organization to success, politicians will misinterpret their roles in order to hoard organizational privileges for their own benefit. Economists have identified numerous strategies that can be used for empowerment of people in a business system. One

Modern Symbolic Interpretive And Postmodern Perspectives Commerce Essay

Modern Symbolic Interpretive And Postmodern Perspectives Commerce Essay In what ways does the use of a multiple perspective approach assist us in achieving a more comprehensive understanding of complex organisational phenomena? Discuss with specific reference to modern, symbolic-interpretive and postmodern perspectives and how each perspective provides different ways to think about organisational phenomena (e.g. organisational structure, physical structure, culture and/or power within organisations). An organisation will usually start off as a small operating business with a few staff working towards the same goal and perhaps sharing the same interest. What draws them together in the first place was the commonality of interest or purpose. As a small operation organisation, it allows staff to communicate to each other more frequently as it lacks the complexity of a big operation organisation. Which will also means that they will work towards the common goal as it has a higher degree of pf centralization of authority. When the company become more successful over time, they will expand and need more staff. When they recruit, these new staffs are from all walks of life with different demographic. These newly joined employees might not share the common interest or understand the goal. This might lead to crisis as there might be in-fighting among the various departments within the organisation, profit may fall and the initial spirit of the organisation will disappear when the founder o r pioneer group of staff leave. As such, a mechanism, cultural is required to guide the staff towards a common path. Culture exists in all organisations even though some may be fragmented or difficult for outsider to see. Culture is the values, norms, beliefs and assumption embraced by the employees. Culture is important because it pervades and influences all activities in an organisation. Culture is something that is shared among the employees. It embedded in the employee, affecting all that they do or think. This provides them with a common viewpoint and binds them together as a group. (Howard W. Oden, 1999) Schein believes that the core of basic assumption will give people its values and behaviour norms who will in turn make choices base on it and eventually coming up with artifacts. The following diagram base on Scheins Levels of Organisation Level will explain more (Mary Jo Hatch, 2006) Level 1 Artifacts Visible Organisational Features (Eg Company names, uniform or brand images) Level 2 Values Non-visible facets of organisational culture (Norms and beliefs) Level 3 Basic Assumption (Core) Largely unconscious and tacit frames that shape values and artifacts formed through and out of particular social relationships. (Truth or what they believe is reality) Figure 1 Scheins three levels of culture Sub-culture within organisation are just as important as it allows the employees to identify themselve as a distinct group within the organisation. The sub-culture will be formed base on the organisation core culture and value. This enable them to move towards the same direction and have a better understanding of their task within the organisation. Modernism perspective mentions that organisations are objectively real entities operating in a real world. They are well-designed and managed system of decision and action driven by norms of rationality, efficiently, and effectiveness for stated purpose (Hatch and Cunliffe 2006). Modernist believes that cultures are real and they help to shape an identity of the company. Modernist believes in using proven theory. With a strong culture, the company can achieve a better result by improving organisation efficiency and effectiveness therefore achieving better result. However, a culture might also constrain the company progression. A Japanese company culture believes in respecting the seniority. As such, staffs are evaluated base on their year of service in the company over their performances. This does not encourage staff to work hard, which will in turn affect the efficiency of the organisation. Using Botak Jones, a western food outlet as example. It has its own cultures. The employees will wear uniform which is casual, jeans with the company t-shirt. Its slogan Damn good food at a damn good price might seems offensive in the context of Singapore culture, but its actually a very common way of speech between the westerners. Studies and research had been conducted to ascertain the link between strong culture and high performance within an organisation. American researchers John Kotter, James Hestter and Dan Denison adopted a quantitative modernist approach by conducted a survey with 200 corporations to investigate of cultural strength on organisational performance (Hatch and Cunliffe 2006). The result was there is a positive correlation between the strength of corporate culture and organisation performance. They also realise that by aligning these with the changing environment, it allows them to react faster to the changes. As such, modernist believes that if we can understand organisation culture, management can use that knowledge to achieve certain outcome such as improving efficiency and effectiveness. Symbolic Interpretive researcher believes that cultures are real but they focus in find out the meaning behind the culture instead. They believe that the organisation is like a theatre and the employees each have a role to play while the world is the stage. The employees role not only performs to external customer, but internally as well. A company success will base on how well the employee understands its role and how good they play it. Other than physical labour, there are also additional criteria required from the employee which was defined as emotional labours by Hochschild. This requires the employees to suppress his/her feeling to portray certain image or expectation for others. The similarity between the emotional labour and physical labour is that the employee might become alienated from an aspect of themselves either a part of the body or the margins of the soul that is use for the work. Using Singapore Casket as an example, the employees do not show their feelings as it is inappropriate for the business. They cannot smile or laugh despite how happy they are feeling. They could only show a solemn face when facing customer. On the other hand, air stewardess can only show a friendly and cheerful image. They are supposed to make customer feel welcome. They cannot throw their temper or show unhappiness during the course of work no matter how demanding or unreasonable the customer is. And for both cases, the employees will have to suppress its feeling, making them the emotional labour for its organisation. To understand more about the organisation, researcher will participate in the organisation themselves (eg work in the organisation) instead of just doing survey. Alternatively, they can conduct observations or in depth interview. This enables them to understand the culture better and to understand the jargons or symbols used by them. The method of thick description Geertz advocated is a form of ethnography which shows how cultural members interpret the symbols and its context. (Mary Jo Hatch, 2006) This helps to understand the culture better as the culture from one organisation will not mean the same at another organisation. By understanding the culture meaning, they are able to communicate with others more effectively as they know that each of them are just fulfilling their roles and it is nothing personnel. This knowledge also enable the organisation to better plan its training for each role player as well as better control over them. As the study of modernist culture provides knowledge that is already translated into prescriptions for management, they are restricted by the objective of the study dimension which is defined by the researcher (Hatch and Cunliffe 2006). As such, symbolic interpretative researcher has a benefit over the modernist researchers as they enter cultural territory and is able to relate better. Postmodernist are sceptical and challenges the idea that organisation have a culture. They think that culture are unreal, its a dream, an illusion and created in the mind of the employees. Post modernist feel that the cultures are created by people so that they can exert power over others. This is use as a tool to contest power or power struggle. This is like a soap opera whereby there are no fixed rules but constant changes in the organisation. They do not focus on culture but the way power and control is exerted thru narrative. When a new management took over, they will change the vision statement or goals or set certain rules or regulation. This is to exhibit their powers and to marginalise other voices. This changes does not necessary communicate ideas, train them or even increases effectiveness or efficiency. These changes are just to find out who its supporters are and who isnt. This allows the management to identify power struggles, fragmentation, points of instability and dissatisfaction within the organisation. This also helps to marginalised employees and uncover multiple and competing interpretations. IBM for instances, had a very strong culture however it isnt just one aspect of the game; it is the game. In the end, the organization is nothing more than the collective capacity of its people to create value. (Louis V. Gerstner, Jr, 2002) This culture prevents the organisation from processing and keeping up with the current environment situation. Through deconstruction, changes were made and new cultures were introduced. This make IBM returned from near-collapse to market leaders. Tradition organisation values will be challenged by postmodern values if they are influences by economic, social and political values of todays workforce (Green, 2007) Though there are 3 different perspectives that organisations can use to understand the culture, each perspective varies from another. There is no specific perspective that is more useful than the other. It will need to depend on the organisations situation as well as the external environment to decide which perspective will be more appropriate.

Intelligence led policing Essay

The terrorist attacks of September 2001 had several governments taken aback of their incapacity to detect and prevent crimes of such magnitude. The United State’s Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense, for example, have been working extra hard to detect and thwart such mishaps now and in the future. In order to realize this, most aspects of national security have been reviewed by various governments around the world (Wisler and Onwudiwe, 2009). One of these aspects is intelligence improvement and use for both internal and international security. Of most importance is internal security, given the fact that crimes such as international terror are planned and carried out by deterrents that are already living among us. Because the police have the mandate to provide internal security, they require effective intelligence to enable them to collect and act on any information related to looming attacks and dangers. Apart from intelligence led policing, there are numerous other types of policing. However, the main ones are: knowledge-based policing, problem based policing and community policing. For any crime type to be bunged, the intelligence used by police ought to be based on all possibly available information and data, collected and thoroughly evaluated. Intelligence has been defined in multiple ways. For the sake of this discussion, we will settle on a single definition: it is collecting data and information precisely touching on crime, analyzing and drawing conclusions on it. Therefore, intelligence is not any kind of information but that which has been studied and quality conclusions made on it. Intelligence can then be used to inform any concerned decision maker of the several available choices. The security personnel of any department, either the police or the military, can then draw on the analyzed findings to carry out their duties of preventing and stopping crimes by strategizing and laying good plans on how to achieve their set objectives. Intelligence led policing is a structured method of collecting, analyzing and evaluating data and information related to crime. The analyzed information is then used to guide the institutions which enforce law in determining their actions. It was first used in the United Kingdom in 1990 and later received a huge acceptance in the United States after the 2001 terrorist attacks. The Kent police in the UK used this kind of policing on car stealing, home breaks and certain types of crimes which were then considered high priority. The world’s governments later decided to use this method alongside others to curb international crime especially terrorism and to react effectively to simpler crimes at the domestic front (Wisler and Onwudiwe, 2009). The problem based policing is broad in its coverage bearing its stand on the notion that other types of policing are not committed to solving the basic criminal acts. While it concentrates on crimes that need the attention of the police and that it handles other issues other than implementing crime prevention programs, is not able to cover all sorts of crimes. On the other hand Public policing usually focus on a single type of crime for example street gangs only. It is normally used when certain crimes occur and their area of operation is the streets. It is also effective in the sense that the time, when the required information is obtained and when action is taken on it, is relatively short. Its mainstay is to deter and disable unlawful trends. Criminals are also profiled to help in analysis. Finally, its approach involves the use of tour of duty personnel, strategic divisions and detectives.

Poetry’s Influences on the Harlem Renaissance Essay

Racial equality has been the topic of many works for centuries. Many of those works weren’t written by those actually affected by inequality. During the 1920’s African Americans began to express their opinions on the issue more frequently through the arts. Poetry was among the most prominent forms of art used for spreading equality and justice. Poets like Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Claude McKay wrote many poems that spoke on equality in society. African Americans felt betrayed after the civil war. They had given their lives and after the war nothing had changed (Cartwright, â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance†). They were still not treated equal and didn’t get paid as much as any other worker. During the 1920’s they started a cultural and racial movement in Harlem, New York called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a time of growth of African Americans during the 1920’s. During this time ideas on equality and freedom spread through the African American community like wild fire. African Americans were expressing their emotions about racial equality in many different ways (Rau 167). Some chose poetry some chose painting or jazz. They used these arts to highlight the injustices they saw in their everyday lives. 1. Langston Hughes Langston Hughes is one the most well know poets of the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri (Rampersad, â€Å"Hughes’s Life and Career†). His beginnings were more humble than most. At a very young age Langston’s Hughes parents divorced. After the divorce Hughes moved to Lincoln with his grandmother. This is where he began to write poetry (The Academy of American poets, â€Å"Langston Hughes†). Hughes ideals were closely based around his grandfather, who was a militant abolitionist (Rampersad, â€Å"Hughes’s Life and Career†) His poetry was influenced by many poets who shared his colorful writing style (The Academy of American poets, â€Å"Langston Hughes†). Hughes lived his life as he wrote, with passion. After high school Hughes spent a year in Mexico with his father who disliked his passion for writing and urged him to stop. At that time Hughes was beginning to get published in a number of places like magazines and children’s book. During this time he was noticed but W. E. B Dubois. Upon Hughes return to America he enrolled in Colombia University in New York. Hughes did not like the atmosphere at Colombia so after a year he left. After Columbia he moved to New York and began work on a freighter. This job took him to many places. He traveled to the coast of Africa, Spain, and Paris. ( Rampersad, â€Å"Hughes Life and Career†)He ended up staying in Paris for a couple of months this is where he began practicing a new style of poetry there. Hughes writing style was a lot different from the others. Throughout his life time Hughes wrote many poems that showed common experiences that all African Americans shared. Hughes never discussed the differences between his life and the lives of other Africans Americans. His poetry always showed the negative and positive sides of the African American experience. Hughes may have seen both sides of African Americans but when it came to issues between African Americans and Caucasians he had strong opinions. He (Rampersad, â€Å"Hughes’s Life and Career†) wrote many poems that touched on the controversial topics of that time. In poems like I, Too and The nergo speaks rivers Hughes talked about the struggles that African Americans went through. (Poetry Foundation and the National Endowment for the Arts, â€Å"Langston Hughes†). Hughes used his dislike for Caucasians often in his poetry. 2. Countee Cullen Countee Cullen might not have reached the fame that Langston Hughes has over the years but his poetry was just as influential. Countee Cullen was born in May 30, 1903 in New York when his grandmother died in 1918 Cullen was put under the custody of Reverend Fredrick A. Cullen. Cullen’s connection to the Salem Methodist Episcopal church through Reverend Cullen placed him in the center of black politics and culture at the age of 15. This gave him a more unconventional education. Instead of learning regular writing and math like other children his age he was taught about black ideals. Most of his education was provided by completely white influences. This gave him a well rounded look at racism. (Poetry Foundation, â€Å"Countee Cullen†). This was often shown in his writing. Cullen’s writing technique would never directly attack Caucasians like other poets during the Harlem renaissance. He was a new voice for the African Americans, one that was actually listened too Cullen graduated from New York University in 1925 as Phi Beta Kappa. At that time he was already writing some of the acclaimed poems published in books by Harper and Brothers: Color (1925), Copper Sun (1927). He won first prize in the Witter Bynner Contest in 1925. Graduating with a Harvard University M. A. egree in 1926, the poet traveled to France as a Guggenheim Fellow(A grant). Upon his return in 1928, he married Yolanda Du Bois, daughter of W. E. B. Du Bois. She divorced him two years later, saying that he told her he was sexually attracted to men. From 1934 on, Cullen taught English and French at the Frederick Douglas Junior High School, though he declined a Creative Literature invitation from Fisk University in Nashville. In 1940 he married an old friend, Ida Mae Roberson. (The Harvard Square Library, â€Å"Countee Cullen† He died in 1946 of gastrointestinal disorder Cullen’s upbringing helped his poetry reach both African American and Caucasian audiences. Cullen was able to do something most African American poets in the Harlem renaissance couldn’t and that was reaching both sides. Cullen was against the way that African Americans were treated but he also understood not all Caucasians had the same ideals. He was brought up with Caucasians in his life which causes him to show a less offensive type of poetry. Cullen’s poetry often presented the sad side of an African Americans life (Poetry Foundation, â€Å"Countee Cullen†). The poem The Little Brown Boy tells of the death of a young black boy (Nelson and Smethurst, â€Å"Countee Cullen poems†). This shows the method of persuasion he used. Countee’s poetry’s influence reached many and his voice spread far. 3. Claude McKay In 1889 Claude McKay was born in sunny vile, Jamaica to peasant farmers. His lower class up bringing taught him how to love himself and have pride in his African heritage. Similar to Cullen, McKay was unconventionally taught as well. McKay was home schooled by his older brother and neighbors. He studied romantics and many other European based things. In adult hood he moved to Kingston which would be the first time that he had actually experienced racism he was immediately disgusted with the way that African Americans were treated and returned home disgusted. Once he returned to sunny vile he published his first verse of poetry. (Academy of American Poets, â€Å"Claude McKay†) After hearing about Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee institute he decided to move to Alabama and enroll. There he sees American racism for the first time. McKay took a lot of his influence for his writing from similar poets to Langston (University of Illinois, â€Å"Claude McKay’s Life†). As early as 1912 he had published his first volume of verse, Songs of Jamaica, which had been widely praised and had won a medal for poetry. McKay slowly decided not to return to Jamaica and stayed in America. In 1914 he left college and began work menial jobs typical of the African American in the Northern cities of America at that time. At different periods he worked as wheelwright, porter, dishwasher, waiter, and longshoreman. McKay didn’t take his jobs very seriously they were just a matter of earning enough cash to quit for a while and write. McKay’s interest in politics led him to the socialist like many other artist. He was associate editor of The Liberator, a socialist U. S. journal of art and literature. In 1923-24mckay went to Moscow, Russia to be a part of the Bolshevik Revolution. As a African American, McKay was used to show the soviets commitment to racial equality, and he was treated like royalty, being lavishly entertained and exhibited on platforms with the most famous revolutionary leaders. But McKay was skeptical of all this, though he had sympathy for the lives lost in to the Revolution. Claude traveled the world trying to find a peaceful place to write. He went to Morocco and France. In 1928 he published his famous novel, Home to Harlem, which was a national best-seller in the U. S. and was instantly a literary sensation. ( Though McKay reached great success in his life he died impoverished and unappreciated. Claude McKay’s experience with the racism in Alabama was the basis for a lot of his writing. McKay more geared towards the empowerment of blacks and less toward equality. McKay wanted to show that African Americans weren’t just equal but they were better. A lot of his poetry was written to show how much power African Americans had. (Academy of American Poets, â€Å"Claude McKay†) in the poem â€Å"If We Must Die† McKay writes about how African Americans must fight as hard as they can even if the end result is death. This poem says a lot about McKay’s style of writing. In the years after the Harlem renaissance African Americans expressed themselves more often than ever before. The Harlem renaissances effect on African Americans was obvious. Free ideas were flowing and battles were being fought for equal rights. In the thirties no one had much money so African Americans had even less opportunities for work. Each of these poets had a different style and finesse but there messages were all the same. They all grew up as African Americans and they all experienced racism in some way shape or form. They all took those situations and used them to empower those around them. Claude McKay, Countee Cullen, and Langston Hughes might have all had different writing styles but they all played a major role in the growth of African Americans in the United States of America.

High School Dropouts Has Become A Crisis - 1575 Words

High School Dropouts Education is to be known to be the key to success, but high school dropouts have become a crisis. To get by in today s world education is a must to become economically and financially secure. A high school dropout or dropout is to be known as an undergraduate that does not complete schooling before earning a high school diploma. According to Carolyn L. Carlson, an estimate of 7,000 high school students drop out daily in America (1). Which is 1.2 million a year, when a student decides to drop out of school before graduating not only will they be affected but so will society. Only sixty percent of students attend high school from ninth grade and graduate as a senior (Carlson 1). That s almost half of high school†¦show more content†¦Everything for a child starts from in the home when a mother or parents are struggling, so is the child. When a mother or parents are earning less money due to many responsibilities, it puts the teen as a student at greater risk of dropping out by having fewer resources and gaining stress that is carried to school and become very distracting. Furthermore, family structure is one of the most important factors that causes a student to drop out of school because what happens in the household reflects a student. Another major reason to cause a student to drop out of school is school structure. School structure is the way the school is built, arranged and organized that include resources, curriculum, and communication between both schools and students. When a school structure is negative it most definitely lessons in student achievement. Gary Natriello highlights that one compelling associate of dropping out of school done by research is the lessening in student success (601). If a student is not succeeding in their class work and receiving bad grades it will lower their motivation to strive. In this case, studies are proven to show that when students do not do well in school, it affects their confidence and lessens the chances of continuing to try to get greater grades, to just give up and decide to drop out. Students that frequently obtain lower grades, do not pass subjects, and that are held back a grade increase likelihood ofShow MoreRelated Raising the Dropout Age Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesChildren are told from a young age that it is mandatory for them to graduate from high school, but it’s not until they are on the verge of dropping out that they hear the importance for staying in school. It is also when they hear how high school students who dropouts learn the incredible price to pay in the future when they give up on an education. 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According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Health Human Services, â€Å"the 2011 Poverty Guidelines are $10,890 for a single member household and $22,350 for a family of four† (par 13). In addition, â€Å"families’ incomes that fall below the threshold given, means that every individual in the household are considered to be in poverty† (par 13)Read MoreIncrease High School Graduation Rates Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesIncrease High School Graduation Rates Did you know that 1.2 million high school students drop out of school every year just in the United States alone (11 Facts)? The decrease of high school graduation rates is a fairly important issue, and there are plenty of reasons to propose a change. According to the U.S. Department of Education, the current standard dropout rate of high school students is 7.4%. High school dropouts encounter way more difficulties and challenges than a high school graduate